Maintain or improve the ability of forests to resist pathogens and insect pests

Tactics

Thinning to reduce the density of an insect’s host species in order to discourage infestation, based on the knowledge that species are especially susceptible to insects and pathogens at particular stocking levels.
Adjusting rotation length in production forestry operations to decrease the period of time that a stand is vulnerable to insect pests and pathogens, based on the knowledge that species are especially susceptible to insects and pathogens at particular ages
Creating a diverse mix of forest or community types, age classes, and stand structures to reduce the availability of vulnerable individuals of host species for insects and pathogens.
Thinning trees to promote wide and irregular spacing and selecting the healthiest trees that include a combination of both vigorous (i.e., fast-growing) and slower-growing trees to reduce the likelihood of insect attack and high stand mortality under outb
Using insecticides, including the use of anti-aggregate semiochemicals (e.g., use of verbenone for mitigating impacts of mountain pine beetle), as a preventive treatment to protect high-value individual trees from attack in areas of increasing bark bee...
Red turpentine beetle impacts can be reduced by limiting the amount of basal burn injury during prescribed fire and by duff raking around high value pines.
Promptly treating potentially infested green material (“green slash”) from healthy stands by chipping, burning, burying, or removing from the site to a safe location.
Restricting harvest and transportation of logs near stands already heavily infested with known insects or pathogens
Using impact models and monitoring data to anticipate the arrival and spread of insects and pathogens (e.g., goldspotted oak borer, sudden oak death) and prioritize management actions to help limit their spread.